Publication for GADD45A and GADD45B

Species	Symbol	Function*	Entrez Gene ID*	Other ID	Gene coexpression	CoexViewer
hsa	GADD45A	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	1647			[link]
hsa	GADD45B	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta	4616

Pubmed ID	Priority	Text
31195707	0.98	GADD45a and GADD45b genes in RA and SLE patients.
	0.98	GADD45a and GADD45b genotypes, but the results were not significant.
	0.98	GADD45a and GADD45b genotypes had significant difference in odds ratios of anti-RNP antibodies and RF, respectively, in SLE patients.
	0.98	GADD45a polymorphisms and GADD45b expression.
	0.97	Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family members include GADD45a, GADD45b and GADD45g genes.
	0.97	GADD45b gene was significantly lower in RA patients, but not GADD45a.
	0.97	GADD45a and GADD45b genes expression of SLE patients had no statistical difference with control cases.
	0.97	GADD45a or GADD45b acts on the MAPK kinase cascade through either MKK4/7 to activate p38 or JNK pathways, respectively.
	0.97	GADD45b was associated with the cytokine production and T helper cell differentiation, the GADD45a and GADD45b genes also regulate gene methylation.
	0.96	GADD45a and GADD45b genes in RA and SLE patients.
	0.96	GADD45a and GADD45b genes promoter and exon 1 genotypes, there was no correlation with RA or SLE patients.
	0.95	GADD45a gene expression in RA patients, and GADD45a, GADD45b genes expression in SLE patients had no statistical difference with control cases (Table 1).
	0.93	GADD45a and GAdd45b genes in RA and SLE patients.
	0.92	GADD45b -712CT and GADD45a -589GG+CC Genotypes are Associated with Clinical Features of SLE Patients
	0.91	GADD45a and GADD45b genes were found in no relation to the susceptibility with RA or SLE patients.
	0.90	GADD45a and GADD45b Genes in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
	0.90	GADD45a -589CC and GADD45b -712CT Genotypes are Less Susceptible to Rheumatoid Arthritis in DR4-Negative Individuals
	0.79	GADD45a -589CC (rs581000) and GADD45b -712CT (rs3795024) were associated with the susceptibility of RA in DR4-negative individuals.
	0.79	GADD45a and GADD45b activate and stimulate the production of various cytokines and inflammatory factors.
	0.71	GADD45a and GADD45b genes with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.
	0.54	GADD45a and GADD45b genes in RA and SLE patients.
18789159	0.98	Gadd45b cooperate to promote cell survival by two distinct signaling pathways involving activation of a novel gadd45a mediated p38-NF-kB-mediated survival pathway and Gadd4545b-mediated inhibition of the stress response MKK4-JNK pathway.
	0.97	gadd45a or gadd45b with PCNA participates in nucleotide excision DNA repair.
	0.97	Gadd45a or Gadd45b proteins with cdc2/cyclinB1 results in dissociation of the cdc2/cyclinB1 complex that, in turn, inhibits cdc2 kinase activity.
	0.97	gadd45a or gadd45b were defective in G2/M arrest following exposure to UVC and VP-16, but not to daunorubicin.
	0.97	gadd45a and gadd45b deficiency each sensitized hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress induced apoptosis.
	0.93	Gadd45, MyD118, and CR6 (currently termed Gadd45a, Gadd45b, & Gadd45g, respectively, and collectively referred to as Gadd45 proteins, gadd45 genes or Gadd45 family) encode for small (18 kd), evolutionarily conserved proteins that are similar to each other (55%-57% overall identity at the amino acid level), are highly acidic (pI = 4.0-4.2), and are localized primarily within the cell nucleus (Fig. 1).
	0.93	gadd45a, gadd45b, or gadd45g in human cells by antisense gadd45 constructs was found to impair the G2/M checkpoint following exposure to UV radiation or MMS, and microinjecting a gadd45a expression vector into primary human fibroblasts arrested the cells at the G2/M boundary of the cell cycle.
	0.86	gadd45b is induced by TGF-b, whereas only Gadd45a is a p53 target.
22726420	0.98	GADD45A, GADD45B and IL6 expression were altered following the induction of Tax, and correlated closely with the morphological changes observed by time-lapse imaging.
	0.96	GADD45A and GADD45B) and apoptosis (IL6) (that are altered following the induction of Tax) with the dynamics of cell cycle and apoptosis (shown in Figure 3), total RNA was prepared at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after transfection of HeLa cells with Tax or a control vector.
	0.94	GADD45A, GADD45B and IL6 were significantly upregulated (Figure 4) and the number of Tax-IRES-CFP-expressing cells were in G1 phase and underwent apoptosis started to increase at same timing (Figure 3).
	0.93	GADD45B), the response to DNA damage (GADD45A, SESN1, CDKN1A), MAP kinase activity (GADD45B, MAP3K8, DUSP1), cell proliferation (JUN and IL8), and negative regulation of the cell cycle (CYLD, PLK2 and SMAD3).
	0.92	GADD45A, RGS2, MAP3K8, SESN1, CDKN1A, CYLD, PLK2, SMAD3, JUN, GADD45B, DUSP1 and IL8).
	0.90	GADD45A and GADD45B.
	0.66	GADD45A and GADD45B, which are implicated as stress sensors and activated by TGFbeta in a SMAD-dependent manner; DUSP1, DUSP5, DUSP6 and DUSP13, which are stress-inducible MAP kinase phosphatases; MAP kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8); JUN, which is the effector transcription factor of the JNK pathway; and IL6, IL8 and FAS, which are inflammatory cytokines, were all upregulated by Tax.
22539223	0.98	GADD45a, GADD45b, IGFBP3, LAMB3, BASP1, GPX3, and GSTP1, but also downregulated methylated tumor/invasion-promoting genes, including CD44, S100A4, and TACSTD2.
	0.98	GADD45a, GADD45b, GPX3, GSTP1, IGFBP3, KRT7, LAMB3, PDLIM4, and THBS1 are tumor-suppressive genes, whereas CD44, S100A4, and TACSTD2 have been associated with tumorigenesis or aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer.
	0.98	GADD45a, 3-fold), while no significant change in GADD45b mRNA expression was noted (Fig. 4A).
	0.97	GADD45a, GADD45b, and IGFBP3, while many other genes examined were not affected by either treatment, with the exception of THBS1, which was upregulated by CG-12.
	0.97	GADD45a and GADD45b (81- and 31-fold, respectively), followed by IGFBP3 (12-fold), LAMB3 (11-fold), BASP1 (9-fold), GPX3 (5-fold), and GSTP1 (2-fold) at 72 h, while only modest increases (<2-fold) in the expression of KRT7 and THBS1 were noted (Fig. 4B).
28052097	0.98	GADD45B and GADD45A were significantly overexpressed in both cell lines after fisetin treatment could explain that induction of cell cycle arrest was among mechanisms modulating the anti-tumor activity of fisetin on cancer cell lines.
	0.98	GADD45A and GADD45B shown above and as indicated by IPA analysis too.
	0.98	GADD45B and GADD45A and down-regulation of TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2 and CCNB1 genes.
	0.97	GADD45B and GADD45A and down-regulation of TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2 and CCNB1 genes.
	0.97	GADD45B and GADD45A and down-regulation of TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2 and CCNB1 genes.
28525372	0.98	GADD45A, GADD45B, p21, PIDD and Shisa5, which contribute to growth arrest and apoptosis induction, and downregulated CCNB1 that promotes cell cycle progression were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR after KIF4 knockdown.
	0.96	GADD45A, GADD45B, CCNB, p21, PIDD and SHISA5 expression.
	0.95	GADD45A, GADD45B, p21 and CCNB1) and apoptotic proteins (PIDD and SHISA5) were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR.
	0.89	GADD45A, GADD45B and p21 were upregulated after KIF14 inhibition.
	0.83	GADD45A, GADD45B, p21, PIDD and Shisa5, which contribute to growth arrest and apoptosis induction, while downregulated CCNB1 that promotes cell cycle progression (Figure 4C and Figure 4D).
29225771	0.98	Gadd45 proteins were originally reported as a pro-apoptotic protein; but recent studies showed that Gadd45alpha and Gadd45beta increased tumor cell survival under treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs.
	0.97	Growth Arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) gene family contains three members, Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta, and Gadd45gamma.
	0.97	Gadd45beta promoter methylation may influence the protein expression of Gadd45 gene in tumor tissues.
	0.93	Gadd45alpha and Gadd45beta proteins play a dual role in the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by genotoxic stress, showing both apoptotic and antiapoptotic function.
	0.89	Gadd45alpha and Gadd45beta in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.
26993769	0.98	gadd45beta also cooperated to promote cell survival via two distinct signaling pathways involving activation of the gadd45alpha-P38-NF-kB survival pathway and the gadd45beta-mediated inhibition of the stress response MKK4-JNK pathway.
	0.97	GADD45A rs581000C had a lower risk of anemia, while carriers of GADD45B rs2024144T had a significantly higher risk for leukocytopenia or agranulocytosis.
	0.68	GADD45A, GADD45B and MAPK14 predict platinum-based chemotherapy-induced toxicities in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer
	0.58	GADD45B rs2024144 SNP was associated with hematologic toxicity; and GADD45A rs581000, GADD45B rs2024144, MAP2K7 rs2115107, MAP2K7 rs3679 and MAPK14 rs3804451 SNPs were associated with gastrointestinal toxicity (P < 0.10 by the trend test or genotype test) (Figure 1, Table 2, and Supplementary Table S3-S5).
30606243	0.98	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g) of Gadd45, Gadd45b was identified as a significantly differentially expressed gene.
	0.98	Gadd45 family includes Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g. Gadd45 genes encode small (18 kDa) evolutionarily conserved proteins that are highly homologous to each other (55-57% overall identity at the amino acid level), and they are highly acidic and localized in both cell cytoplasm and nucleus.
	0.91	Gadd45a/Gadd45b proteins with CDC2/CyclinB1 results in the dissociation of the CDC2/CyclinB1 complex, which in turn can inhibit CDC2 kinase activity.
	0.80	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, or Gadd45g in human cells by antisense Gadd45 constructs was found to impair the G2/M checkpoint following exposure to UV radiation or MMS.
24577085	0.98	GADD45alpha (y=1.5577x+106.36, R2=0.5179), GADD45beta (y=4.1163x+111.09, R2=0.734), and a notable upregulation of GADD45gamma (y=191.98x-150.74, R2=0.8786) in GBM8401 cells following exposure to CuE (Figure 3c).
	0.98	GADD45B and GADD45G and the p53 group includes GADD45A.
	0.97	GADD45beta and GADD45gamma) and the p53 (GADD45alpha) signaling pathways as the common pathways, serving as key molecules that regulate cell cycle.
29920184	0.98	GADD45a, GADD45b, and GADD45r, were down-regulated.
	0.98	GADD45 (GADD45a, GADD45b and GADD45r) families.
	0.69	GADD45a, GADD45b, and TP53, also overlap with ATM and GADD45 signaling.
30250533	0.98	Gadd45 proteins have been implicated for their involvement in tumorigenesis and age-associated pathologies; however, MyD118, GADD45 and CR6 are considered to have similar but not identical functions via different apoptotic and growth suppressive pathways.
	0.97	GADD45B, encoding MyD118, is part of a highly conserved Gadd45 gene family with GADD45A, encoding GADD45, and GADD45G, encoding CR6.
	0.95	GADD45B promotes cell survival via activation of the GADD45a-P38-NF-kappaB pathway and inhibition of the MAPK kinase 4-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway.
23811393	0.98	Gadd45 isoforms, Gadd45a and Gadd45b are hypothesized to mediate active DNA demethylation in post-mitotic neurons (reviewed in).
	0.92	Gadd45) isoforms: Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 1 (Apobec1) protein, all of which have previously been implicated in DNA demethylation in the hippocampus (reviewed in).
27458249	0.98	Gadd45a and Gadd45b were the 2 most highly upregulated genes that related to apoptosis.
	0.98	Gadd45a and Gadd45b that subsequently activate p38 and induce apoptosis.
22135303	0.98	GADD45-like proteins, GADD45alpha (GADD45), GADD45beta (MyD118) and GADD45gamma (CR6), have been identified, sharing 55-60% sequence identity.
25797237	0.98	GADD45B, CDK1-CCNB1-PTCH1 (blue), CDK1-PCNA-CCNB1-GADD45A (green), and RalBP1-CDK1-CCNB1 (red), with their module organizational variance (MOV).
22515981	0.97	GADD45beta plays a role in JNK pathway inactivation by interaction with MKK4, while GADD45alpha activates p38 and subsequently inhibit IKbeta, releasing NF-kappaB, and consequently leading to cell survival.
	0.96	GADD45alpha and gamma, GADD45beta expression is induced by NF-kappaB via direct interaction within NF-kappabeta elements present in the GADD45beta promoter.
	0.95	GADD45alpha and GADD45gamma, while it induces GADD45beta expression.
	0.92	GADD45alpha and gamma gene expression, but not GADD45beta expression.
	0.85	GADD45alpha, 7.2% for GADD45beta, and 31.6% for GADD45gamma.
	0.54	GADD45alpha and GADD45beta, respectively, mediated by Fucoxanthin, while the inhibition of JNK suppresses GADD45alpha gene expression induced by Fucoxanthin in prostate cancer cell lines.
17116751	0.97	GADD45 expression are exclusively dependent on the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB, such as the transcriptional suppression on GADD45alpha and -gamma by constitutively active NF-kappaB in cancer cells and the transcriptional induction of GADD45beta by NF-kappaB in response to TNFalpha stimulation.
	0.93	GADD45alpha and -gamma mainly contribute to the NF-kappaB-mediated cell death effect, whereas GADD45beta appears to involve NF-kappaB-dependent cell survival.
	0.90	GADD45alpha and -gamma contributed to cancer cell survival, whereas induction of GADD45beta antagonized TNFalpha-induced killing (Fig. 9 H).
23110778	0.97	GADD45B shares the common functions of the GADD45 family, including the regulation of cell growth, cell apoptosis, cellular responses to DNA damage and anti-tumor immune responses.
	0.96	pEGFP-N1-GADD45B and synthesis of Si-GADD45B
	0.72	GADD45 gene family, including GADD45A, GADD45B and GADD45G, has been recognized as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic and physiological stresses and the process of tumor formation and progression.
22313682	0.97	GADD45a, GADD45beta, GADD45gamma mRNA in tumor tissues from ESCC patients was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.
	0.86	GADD45alpha), GADD45beta, GADD45gamma gene expression in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue from the same esophageal squamous cancer patients.
29875631	0.97	GADD45 and in the presence of the triple complex, GADD45B, TDG and TET2, a complete demethylation of reporters could be achieved (Li et al.,).
	0.90	GADD45B, Li et al. reported that GADD45A as well as GADD45B promote demethylation of an in vitro methylated promoter through TDG.
16421274	0.97	GADD45alpha is an acidic protein composed of 165 amino acids, with some similarities to GADD45beta, GADD45gamma and ribosomal protein S12.
21249130	0.97	Gadd45b,g indicates that the protein forms a dimer of 35 kDa, while Gadd45a can oligomerize, suggesting that the cellular high molecular weight form of Gadd45a may contain multimers.
29472532	0.97	GADD45 knockdown, especially for GADD45B and GADD45G, markedly abolished the synergistic cytotoxic effect of JQ1 and Bortezomib in both LoVo and HCT116 (Fig. 4b).
19652693	0.96	Gadd45a and Gadd45b deficiency each sensitized hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress induced apoptosis.
	0.95	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, or Gadd45g in human cells by antisense Gadd45 constructs was found to impair the G2/M checkpoint following exposure to UV radiation or MMS.
	0.88	Gadd45a or Gadd45b proteins with cdc2/cyclinB1 results in dissociation of the cdc2/cyclinB1 complex that, in turn, inhibits cdc2 kinase activity.
	0.87	Gadd45b is induced by TGFb, whereas only Gadd45a is a p53 target.
	0.87	Gadd45a or Gadd45b with PCNA participates in nucleotide excision DNA repair (Vairapandi et al. 1992).
	0.81	Gadd45a and Gadd45b function in DNA excision repair through their interactions with PCNA (Vairapandi et al. 1992).
29572137	0.96	GADD45beta homologues, GADD45alpha and GADD45gamma, the structure of the GADD45beta/MKK7 complex has been re-examined in a recent molecular modelling study, which while confirming that the interaction with GADD45beta prevents the access of ATP to the MKK7 catalytic pocket, has suggested that this interaction is mediated by the GADD45beta so-called loop 2 (residues 103-117), which, like loop 1, is rich in acidic residues, but is longer and more flexible.
	0.96	GADD45beta homologues, GADD45alpha and GADD45gamma, a more recent molecular model was proposed.
16542479	0.96	GADD)45alpha or GADD45beta.
26980707	0.96	GADD45A, GADD45B, Bax CDK1, CDK4 and CDK6.
23958448	0.95	GADD45b and GADD45g, but again not GADD45a, are increased in the amygdala after fear conditioning and in the hippocampus by both context exposure learning and fear conditioning.
	0.94	GADD45b and GADD45g, but not GADD45a expression are increased after depolarization with either NMDA or KCl.
25415264	0.95	Gadd45 family that contains the additional two members, Gadd45a and Gadd45b.
	0.94	Gadd45a and Gadd45b, respond to environmental stress by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase.
26046761	0.95	GADD45A/GADD45B in epidermal progenitor cells prevented differentiation, which was attributed to impaired removal of DNA methylation at loci that are typically hypomethylated during differentiation.
	0.94	Gadd45A or Gadd45B prompted premature differentiation at the expense of epidermal progenitor cell expansion, supporting a role for these proteins in regulating differentiation.
25364290	0.95	GADD45 beta, psychotic patients show reduced Gadd45 beta binding to BDNF-IX compared with nonpsychiatric controls.
27888805	0.94	GADD45B/G genes and 1.5-fold increase - of GADD45A.
	0.53	GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G) related to the GADD45 family - both in normal fibroblasts and tumor cell lines (AsPC-1 and Caco-2).
29435034	0.94	Gadd45beta belongs to the Gadd45 protein family (Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta, Gadd45gamma).
	0.91	Gadd45beta may form a homodimer or heterodimer with the other Gadd45 proteins, or interact with a variety of other proteins, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, p21, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK).
19780058	0.93	Gadd45a and Gadd45b.
	0.91	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, Dusp1, Xrcc2, IL-12beta).
	0.86	Gadd45a, Gadd45b and IL-8, by specifically inhibiting CDK9 activity.
	0.73	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, Dusp1, Xrcc2, IL-12a and three other stimuli-induced genes (8 genes from 18 DAVID Ids; p value=6.7E-3)(Fig.
	0.60	Gadd45a and Gadd45b are qualitatively similar to the changes detected by microarray analysis.
24351910	0.93	GADD45A gene was enhanced, GADD45B gene expression was unaffected after fucoxanthin treatment.
	0.76	GADD45A, GADD45B, PIM1 and IFRDI were induced by fucoxanthin as well as the expression of other cell cycle related genes such as p21, p27 and c-myc.
30029519	0.93	GADD45beta is related to NF-kB, which is known to influence tumorigenesis, cancer cell survival, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis and the GADD45 family are essential mediators of cell survival in cancer cells with implications for cancer chemotherapy and novel drug discovery.
	0.89	GADD45 family, which consists of GADD45A (GADD45alpha, DDIT1), GADD45B (GADD45beta, Myd118), and GADD45G (GADD45gamma, cytokine-responsive 6, CR6), participates in many cellular processes associated with cell growth regulation and the stress signaling pathway.
30344933	0.93	Gadd45 family of proteins (Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g) acts as stress sensors in response to various physiological and environmental stressors, including oncogenic stress Upon sensing stress, Gadd45 can act to regulate numerous cell behaviors such as cell cycle, DNA replication/repair, and survival, and it does so via interaction with a collection of partner proteins, including PCNA, cdk1/cyclinB1, p21, MEKK4, MKK7, and p38.
	0.56	Gadd45b, like Gadd45a, functions as a suppressor of BCR-ABL driven leukemia, albeit via a different mechanism.
30617255	0.93	GADD45A- and GADD45B-specific siRNA or scrambled control siRNAs.
29386013	0.92	GADD45A and GADD45B in docetaxel- and estramustine-treated prostate cancer cells which suggest their affects in the induction of apoptosis.
28503708	0.89	GADD45B/Gadd45-dependent pro-apoptotic mechanism being just one of many events triggered by loss of NMD.
	0.88	GADD45B/Gadd45 and thereby trigger apoptosis as a protective response.
	0.57	GADD45B/Gadd45 mRNA is probably not the only pro-apoptotic RNA targeted by NMD to protect cells from death.
22936947	0.89	Gadd45alpha is part of a family of genes consisting of Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta, and Gadd45gamma that is widely expressed in mammalian cells following different stress stimuli.
31572500	0.87	GADD45A and GADD45B participated in the MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways, and that the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways are closely associated with MYC and VEGFA.
	0.74	GADD45A and GADD45B, members of the GADD45 family, have been implicated in numerous basic processes, and have been demonstrated to be associated with aging and age-associated diseases.
	0.61	GADD45A and GADD45B have been reported to interact with AP-1, ATF3 and MYC, which have been identified as key TFs in the present study.
	0.55	Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible alpha, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible beta and Cyclin D1.
	0.51	GADD45A, GADD45B and CCND1.
29415747	0.87	GADD45alpha is a member of the growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) gene family, which encodes three highly homologous proteins GADD45alpha, GADD45beta, and GADD45gamma.
19305429	0.85	Gadd45 isoforms including Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta and Gadd45gamma, we determined if Gadd45 protein(s) was also regulated by NAC-1.
31681565	0.85	Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g, are involved in stress signaling in response to endogenous and exogenous stressors.
23536762	0.81	growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) is a family that consists of GADD45alpha, GADD45beta, and GADD45gamma.
21557330	0.62	GADD45alpha and GADD45beta mRNA were shown relative to those of corresponding mRNAs in NI / DMSO / adriamycin 0 hr treatment sample set at one.
22150313	0.57	Gadd45 proteins, including Gadd45a, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in stress signaling in response to physiological and environmental stress, including oncogenic stress, which can result in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cell survival, senescence, and apoptosis.